Importing to the US

To avoid problems during clearance when importing goods into the U.S., it’s strongly recommended that you become familiar with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) policies before shipping. Knowing specific entry requirements for your merchandise—including those from other federal agencies—is essential.

Below are practical tips for new importers, based on CBP information.

What Kind of License Is Required to Import Merchandise into the United States?

CBP itself does not require importers to hold a license or permit. However, other agencies may require one depending on the type of commodity you’re importing. CBP serves as an administrative channel for these agencies, so you may wish to contact them directly.

You can find contact information through USA.gov’s Directory of Federal Departments and Agencies. There’s also a full list in CBP’s publication Importing Into the United States (Importing Into the United States (PDF – 467 KB)).

You might also need a local or state business license. CBP entry forms ask for your Importer Number—this is usually your IRS Business Registration Number. If you don’t have one, your Social Security Number will suffice.

Alternatively, you can request a CBP-assigned number by completing and submitting CBP Form 5106 at the Entry Branch of any CBP port of entry.

Although Certain Resident Importers and Exporters May File Entries on Their Own Behalf, Many First-Time Importers and Exporters Consult a Licensed Customs Broker.

Importers often hire a Customs Broker, especially when the process seems complicated. You can make entry yourself, but a broker helps ensure compliance and proper documentation.

Even when using a broker, remember that you—the importer of record—are responsible for all entry documentation and for paying duties, taxes, and fees correctly.

Importer Security Filing (ISF/“10+2”) Mandatory for Ocean Vessel Shipments.

On January 26, 2009, CBP implemented the Importer Security Filing and Additional Carrier Requirements rule, known as “10+2.” This applies to all ocean cargo arriving in the United States.

Failure to comply can lead to penalties, extra inspections, and shipment delays. Before goods arrive by vessel, the “ISF Importer” or their agent (for example, a Licensed Broker) must electronically submit cargo details to CBP through an Importer Security Filing.

This rule applies only to ocean shipments—not to air, rail, or road cargo. Again, even if you use a broker, you remain responsible for accurate filing and payment of all related fees.

You Should Research General Quota Information and Quota Requirements for Certain Commodities Prior to Importing into the United States.

Import Quotas limit how much of certain goods can enter the U.S. within a set time frame. There are two main types:

• Absolute Quotas, which restrict quantities (currently none are in effect), and
• Tariff-Rate Quotas, which allow limited imports at reduced duty rates. Once exceeded, higher duties apply.

Check quota data and updates on CBP’s website under Textiles and Quotas. To see if your goods are affected, visit Are My Goods Subject to Quota?.

You May Receive a Bill If Your Shipment Is Examined by the CBP.

Under 19 U.S.C. §1467, CBP may inspect any shipment imported into the United States. The importer must cover costs related to these exams.

According to 19 C.F.R. 151.6, “The importer shall bear any expense involved in preparing the merchandise for CBP examination and in the closing of packages.”

When selected for inspection, shipments are moved to a Centralized Examination Station (CES)—a private facility where CBP conducts exams. The CES will unload (devan) and reload your container, then bill you for these services.

You’ll also be responsible for transport and storage costs related to the inspection. Prices vary, but a full devanning may cost several hundred dollars. Although CBP itself doesn’t charge for the inspection, these associated expenses are standard.

Where to Find More Valuable Information for Both New and Experienced Importers Alike

The CBP Info Center offers a wide range of resources for anyone learning the import process. Start with the Frequently Asked Questions database, where you can search by topic.

We also recommend reviewing CBP’s Trade section—especially the Basic Importing and Exporting page—for detailed topics such as import requirements, arrival procedures, and classification.

For additional agency requirements and guidance for frequent importers, read Importing Into the United States (Importing Into the United States (PDF 467 KB)). This comprehensive guide offers deeper insight into the import process and is essential reading for anyone planning to import regularly.